The Effect of Tibiotalar Joint Line Level Alterations on Tibiotalar Range of Motion Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty

Abstract

Background: The effect of tibiotalar joint line level (TTJL) on patient outcomes following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) remains unclear. It was previously reported that patients with end-stage ankle arthritis have an elevated TTJL compared with nonarthritic ankles, and the TTJL post-TAA remains elevated compared with nonarthritic ankles. The objectives of this study were to (1) propose a reliable radiographic method to measure the TTJL absolute value and (2) determine the effect of TTJL alterations on tibiotalar range of motion (ROM) following TAA. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent TAA between January 2018 and April 2021 with a minimum of 1-year postoperative follow-up and complete perioperative ROM radiographs. Radiographic TTJL and ROM measurements were performed by 2 observers. The proposed TTJL measuring technique computes 4 measurements: high, low, center of the talus (center), and center of the axis (axis). Reliability of measurements and correlation between TTJL measurements and ROM were assessed. Results: A total of 33 patients were included. Postoperatively, 22 patients had a lowered TTJL compared to 11 patients with an elevated TTJL (2.2 ± 1.3 mm lowered vs 1.9 ± 1.2 mm elevated; P < .0001). Of the 4 TTJL measurements, 3 (low, center, axis) demonstrated a significant positive correlation between lowering the TTJL and improved tibiotalar dorsiflexion and 2 (low, axis) for total ROM (all P < .05). Plantarflexion was not significantly affected by TTJL alterations. Compared to patients with an elevated TTJL, patients with a lowered TTJL had improved tibiotalar dorsiflexion (8.8 vs 2.5 degrees; P = .0015) and total ROM (31.0 vs 22.9 degrees; P = .0191), respectively. The interrater reliability was nearly perfect (intraclass correlation r = 0.96-0.99). Conclusion: In this small series, we found that lowering the TTJL level may more closely reestablish the native TTJL and correlates with improved tibiotalar dorsiflexion and total ROM following TAA. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.