Infections in pregnancy

Abstract

Infections can impact the outcome of pregnancy, causing pre-term labour, growth restriction and congenital malformations. Vertical transmission can cause significant morbidity and mortality to fetus and new born infant. Pregnant women with any infection are often seen first in primary care, and it is vital to recognise the implications of infections in pregnancy, as timely referral and treatment can have a positive influence on outcomes. This review focuses on some of the major infections affecting pregnancy, outlining the feto-maternal complications and management plans with key points relevant to primary care. The infections covered are cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C, herpes, parvovirus, rubella, syphilis, varicella, and zika virus. Human immunodeficiency virus, malaria and toxoplasmosis are not covered in this review. This article, consistent with the position of the Health Protection Agency, considers a clinically significant contact as being in the same room with an affected person for more than 15 minutes or face-to-face contact.