Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients in the First Year of Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author:

Al Maqbali Mohammed1ORCID,Al badi Khalid234,Al Sinani Mohammed5,Madkhali Norah6,Dickens Geoffrey L.78

Affiliation:

1. Department of Nursing Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK

2. Al Buraimi University College, Al Buraimi, Oman

3. Al Khawarizmi International College, Al Ain, UAE

4. Ministry of Health, Oman

5. Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK

6. Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

7. Mental Health Nursing Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK

8. Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Abstract

Background The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) carries a high risk of infection and has spread rapidly around the world. However, there are limited data about the clinical symptoms globally. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify the prevalence of the clinical symptoms of patient with COVID-19. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. The following databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, medRxiv, and Google Scholar, from December 1st, 2019 to January 1st, 2021. Prevalence rates were pooled with meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was tested using I-squared (I2) statistics. Results A total of 215 studies, involving 132,647 COVID-19 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of the four most common symptoms were fever 76.2% ( n = 214; 95% CI 73.9–78.5); coughing 60.4% ( n = 215; 95% CI 58.6–62.1); fatigue 33.6% ( n = 175; 95% CI 31.2–36.1); and dyspnea 26.2% ( n = 195; 95% CI 24.1–28.5). Other symptoms from highest to lowest in terms of prevalence include expectorant (22.2%), anorexia (21.6%), myalgias (17.5%), chills (15%), sore throat (14.1%), headache (11.7%), nausea or vomiting (8.7%), rhinorrhea (8.2%), and hemoptysis (3.3%). In subgroup analyses by continent, it was found that four symptoms have a slight prevalence variation—fever, coughing, fatigue, and diarrhea. Conclusion This meta-analysis found the most prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fever, coughing, fatigue, and dyspnea. This knowledge might be beneficial for the effective treatment and control of the COVID-19 outbreak. Additional studies are required to distinguish between symptoms during and after, in patients with COVID-19.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Research and Theory

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