Preclinical efficacy of African medicinal plants used in the treatment of snakebite envenoming: a systematic review protocol

Author:

Bala Auwal A.12ORCID,Mohammed Mustapha34,Umar Saifullahi5,Ungogo Marzuq A.6,Hassan Mohammed Al-Kassim7,Abdussalam Umar S.2,Ahmad Mubarak Hussaini8,Ishaq Daha U.9,Mana Dillos10,Sha’aban Abubakar34,Jatau Abubakar I.11,Jibril Murtala12,Kurfi Binta1314,Raji Ismaila1,Malami Sani2,Michael Godpower C.15,Chedi Basheer Z. A.16

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria

2. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

4. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria

5. Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria

6. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

7. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria

8. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

9. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, NigeriaCenter for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi’an, China

10. Center for Integrated Health Program Gombe, Nigeria

11. School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia

12. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria

13. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

14. Venom-Antivenom Research Project (VASP) and Nigeria- Snakebite Research & Intervention Centre (N-SRIC), Kano, Nigeria

15. Department of Family Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

16. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, NigeriaVenom-Antivenom Research Project (VASP) and Nigeria- Snakebite Research & Intervention Centre (N-SRIC), Kano, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a high-priority, neglected, tropical disease that affects millions of people in developing countries annually. The only available standard drug used for the treatment of SBE is antisnake venom (ASV) which consists of immunoglobulins that have been purified from the plasma of animals hyper-immunized against snake venoms. The use of plants as alternatives for treatment of poisonous bites particularly snakebites is important in remote areas where there might be limited, or no access to hospitals and storage facilities for antivenom. The pharmacological activity of some of the medicinal plants used traditionally in the treatment of SBE have also been scientifically validated. Method: A systematic review will be conducted according to the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies checklist for study quality in animal/ in vivo studies. The tool will be modified and validated to assess in vitro models and studies that combine in vivo and in vitro studies. The systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. English published articles on African medicinal plants used in the treatment of snakebite envenoming will be searched in Medline, Embase, and Scopus from 2000 to 2021. Dissemination: The findings of the study will be communicated through publication in peer-reviewed journal and presentation at scientific conferences. Medicinal plants have been important sources for the development of many effective drugs currently available in orthodox medicine. Botanically derived medicines have played a major role in human societies throughout history. Plants components used in traditional medicine gained much attention by many toxinologists as a tool for designing potent antidotes against snake envenoming. Our systematic review will provide a synthesis of the literature on the efficacy of these medicinal plants. We will also appraise the prospects of African medicinal plants with pharmacologically demonstrated activity against snakebite and envenoming.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases

Reference19 articles.

1. World health organization (WHO). Annex 5. Guidelines for the production, control and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins replacement of Annex 2 of WHO Technical Report Series, No. 964. WHO Technical Report Series 2017; 96: 197–388, https://www.who.int/bloodproducts/AntivenomGLrevWHO_TRS_1004_web_Annex_5.pdf

2. The snakebite problem and antivenom crisis from a health-economic perspective

3. Development and validation of antisnake venom knowledge assessment tool (AKAT) for healthcare practitioners

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