Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Telehealth Augmented With a CBT Smartphone Application to Address Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: A Randomized Pilot Trial

Author:

Callan Judith A.12ORCID,Sereika Susan M.1,Cui Ruifeng2,Tamres Lisa K.1,Tarneja Monisha2,Greene Brian3,Van Slyke Ashley1,Wu Megan1,Lukac Gabriella R.1,Dunbar-Jacob Jacqueline1

Affiliation:

1. School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

2. VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

3. University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of phone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with an adjunctive smartphone application CBT MobileWork-DM© to improve self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Participants were 12 patients with T2DM on antihyperglycemic medication and had an A1C level of 8 or greater. A randomized controlled pilot study assessed treatment as usual (TAU) T2DM care versus a phone-delivered CBT (6, 8, or 12 weekly sessions) augmented with a CBT skills practice smartphone application. The CBT telehealth intervention addressed T2DM self-management and diabetes distress. Electronic and self-report medication taking, diabetes-related distress, and A1C were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Results: After 16 weeks, a decrease in A1C and distress levels was observed in all 3 CBT phone groups and TAU group. The group with the most improvement was the 12-week CBT group, which had the greatest mean decrease in A1C (−2.33) and diabetes distress (−31.67). The TAU group exhibited a mean decrease of −2.15 and −21 for A1C and diabetes distress, respectively. The overall rate of completion for phone CBT sessions across the 3 CBT groups was 83%. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that telehealth CBT augmented with a smartphone application is feasible and acceptable. Patients demonstrated improvements in both T2DM management and distress.

Funder

National Center for Research Resources

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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