Assisting cognitively impaired elders with activities of daily living

Abstract

As the population ages, cognitive impairment will affect larger numbers of older Americans. Decreased ability to perform activities of daily living is related to cognitive impairment. However, the extent to which activity of daily living (ADL) dependence is related to actual physical and cognitive impairment or is environmentally induced has yet to be established. A variety of strategies may help to increase the ADL ability of cognitively impaired (CI) older adults. Each older person has an individual pattern of cognitive deficits, therefore, a decision-making process for selection of the appropriate strategies must be used. Nurses often have the opportunity to help improve the quality of life of and interactions between the CI and their caregivers. The “prescribing” of strategies for use when performing ADL activities represents one method to improve the lives and care of CI persons. We encourage caregivers to use the decision-making process to identify appropriate strategies in their interactions with CI older adults regardless of the living situation. These concepts work equally well in acute-care hospitals, private home, or nursing homes. Through their use, maximal independencefor CI older adults is encouraged.