Impact of Surgical Resection Without Spinal Fusion for Thoracic Dumbbell Tumors on Postoperative Global Spinal Sagittal Alignment and Clinical Outcomes

Abstract

Study Design A retrospective comparative study. Objectives This study investigated radiographical changes in global spinal sagittal alignment (GSSA) and clinical outcomes after tumor resection without spinal fusion in patients with thoracic dumbbell tumors. Methods Thirty patients with thoracic dumbbell tumors who were followed up for at least 3 years were included in this study. Variations in the outcome variables were analyzed using individual GSSA parameters measured on radiography. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the modified McCormick scale (MMCS), Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and visual analog scale (VAS). To assess the impact of the affected levels on these outcomes, we divided the patients into three groups according to the location of the tumor (upper [T1-4], middle [T5-8], or lower [T9-12] thoracic spine). Results The GSSA parameters (cervical lordosis, T1 slope, thoracic kyphosis [global, upper, middle, and lower], thoracolumbar kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic incidence, and pelvic tilt) of all the patients did not change significantly after surgery. Eleven of thirty patients had preoperative gait disturbances but they could walk without support (MMCS grade I or II) at the final follow-up. The JOA score and VAS showed significant postoperative improvements. No statistically significant differences were observed in each postoperative sagittal profile or clinical outcome between the upper, middle, and lower groups. Conclusions Tumor resection without spinal fusion did not affect the various GSSA parameters and resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes, indicating that spinal fusion may not always be necessary when resecting thoracic dumbbell tumors.