Self-management in African American Women With Diabetes

Abstract

Purpose This study describes demographic and medical characteristics, self-efficacy, locus of control, self-managementd defined by functional status, hemoglobin HbA1c outcomes, and the relationships among these variables based on age group differences (25-44 years, 45-64 years, and 65-84 years) in African American women with type 2 diabetes. Methods Subjects (n = 75) in community medical practices were interviewed to complete a demographic and medical form, the Diabetes Self-efficacy Outcomes Expectancy Questionnaire (DSEQ), the Diabetes Locus of Control Scale, and the Medical Outcomes–Short Form 36 (SF-36). A venous blood sample was taken following the interview. Data were analyzed for the total sample and separately for age groups. Results Scores on the self efficacy (DSEQ) and the locus of control (LOC) were above average for all 3 groups. Significant correlations were found among subscales of the LOC, SF-36, and HbA1c. HbA1c scores were abnormally high across groups. Significant group differences were found in duration of diabetes and number of medications used. Conclusions Despite high levels of internal locus of control and self-efficacy and scores indicating good mental, physical, emotional, and social health, self-management amongthe women was inadequate, as indicated by abnormally high HbA1c levels.