Active Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Introduction Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) makes 60–70% of gliomas and 15% of primary brain tumors. Despite the availability of standard multimodal therapy, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years survival rate of GBM are still low. Active immunotherapy is a relatively new treatment option for GBM that seems promising. Methods An electronic database search on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov was performed to include all relevant studies. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Reported parameters are OS, PFS, AEs, post treatment KPS, and 2 year mortality. Results Active immunotherapy provided better OS (HR = .85; 95% CI = .71–1.01; P = .06) and PFS (HS = .83; 95% CI= .66 – 1.03; P = .11) side albeit not statistically significant. Active immunotherapy reduces the risk of 2 year mortality as much as 2.5% compared to control group (NNT and RRR was 56.7078 and 0,0258, respectively). Conclusion Active immunotherapy might be beneficial in terms of survival rate in patients with GBM although not statistically significant. It could be a treatment option for GBM in the future.