Perceived Causes of Cancer and Corresponding Behavioral Changes: A Qualitative Study on Breast Cancer Survivors in Taiwan

Author:

Niu Jasmine1ORCID,Chen Duan-Rung2ORCID,Lo Chiao3,Cheng Shao-Yi4,Huang Chiun-Sheng3

Affiliation:

1. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

2. Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

3. Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

4. Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Abstract

Objectives Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Taiwan, and treatment and coping with the disease become prominent features in a survivor’s life. Here, we examined Taiwanese survivors’ perceived causes of breast cancer, the influence of support networks on their perceptions, and the behavioral changes they made to prevent recurrences. Methods In this qualitative study, we used an explanatory approach involving semi-structured in-depth interviews based on grounded theory. We recruited (via physician referrals) 29 survivors aged ≥20 who had received their initial diagnosis at least 6 months earlier. Results Although the participants had made behavioral changes in many areas of their lives after diagnosis, most still believed that “stress and emotions” were the most crucial factor in causing cancer. They strongly emphasized reducing stress levels to prevent recurrences. However, when maintaining healthy behaviors became stressful, they chose to level off healthy lifestyles for the sake of their emotional well-being. They made career changes to improve their quality of life yet continued to experience a deep fear of recurrence. Adopting behavioral changes leading to healthy lifestyles and following regular follow-ups helped to reduce their anxiety concerning recurrence. Conclusion The participants’ behavioral changes were strongly associated with the perceived causes of cancer. Health-promotion programs aimed at breast cancer prevention should focus on participants’ subjective perception of the cause of cancer.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Oncology,Hematology,General Medicine

Reference40 articles.

1. Breast Cancer. World Health Organization. Updated March 26, 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer Accessed February 27, 2022.

2. What are the risk factors for breast Cancer? C.D.C. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated September 20, 2021. Accessed February 27, 2022.https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/risk_factors.htm.

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