Maternal and Perinatal Factors Associated With Childhood Brain Tumors: A Case-Control Study in Vietnam

Author:

Pham Huy Ngoc1ORCID,Goldberg Robert J.2,Pham Loc Quang3,Nguyen Hoa L.2,Pham Dao Anh4,Mai Linh Thi Thuy4,Phung Toi Lam5,Hung Doan Quoc67,Dong He Van1,Duong Ha Dai16

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurosurgery, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam

2. Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam

4. Department of Internal Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam

5. Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam

6. Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam

7. Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam

Abstract

Introduction Brain cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children and the majority of childhood brain tumors are diagnosed without determination of their underlying etiology. Little is known about risk factors for childhood brain tumors in Vietnam. The objective of this case-control study was to identify maternal and perinatal factors associated with brain tumors occurring in young Vietnamese children and adolescents. Methods We conducted a hospital-based case-control study at Viet Duc University Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. Cases consisted of children with brain tumors aged 0-14 years old admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to July 2022 while the controls were age and sex-matched hospitalized children diagnosed with head trauma. Perinatal characteristics were abstracted from hospital medical records and maternal medical, behavioral, and sociodemographic factors were collected through in-person interviews. Conditional logistic regression models were used to examine maternal and perinatal factors associated with childhood brain tumors. Results The study sample included 220 children (110 cases and 110 controls) whose average age was 8.9 years and 41.8% were girls. Children born to mothers aged greater than 30 years at the time of the child’s birth had a higher risk of childhood brain tumors compared to those born to mothers aged from 18 to 30 years old (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.13-5.75). Additionally low maternal body mass index prior to the current pregnancy of <18.5 kg/m2 significantly increased the odds of having a child with a brain tumor in relation to normal maternal body mass index from 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 (OR = 3.19; 95% CI: 1.36 - 7.50). Conclusion Advanced maternal age and being markedly underweight were associated with an increased odds of having a child with a brain tumor. A population-based study with larger sample size is needed to confirm and extend the present findings.

Funder

Fogarty International Center

Publisher

SAGE Publications

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