What Makes Terrorism Tick in Africa? Evidence from Al-Shabaab and Boko Haram

Abstract

This article, with reference to some of the biggest terrorist groups on the African continent, focuses on the challenges that nations face in combating the spread and effects of terrorism. While numerous studies have been undertaken to explain the causes, dynamics, and effects of terrorist groups, this work particularly dwells on how these groups sustain their operations. Additionally, the article implements document analysis in order to examine the challenges of addressing Al-Shabaab and Boko Haram in Africa. Fascinatingly, what emerges is that terrorist groups are highly organized. The article also argues that military strategy forms the backbone of terrorist survival. By avoiding direct combat, the groups are capable of prolonged episodes of fighting. While several campaigns have been waged to deal with terror, the scope under which these have been planned and executed explains why terrorism has survived for so long. The fact that conventional armies are not willing to commit as many foot soldiers as possible implies that terrorists will always be difficult to overcome. The article thus largely uses ‘military lens’ to analyze why terrorism has managed to upset conventional armies. Policy makers will find the article useful as the war on terror rages on, especially in stepping up counterterrorism measures.