Pediatric Occipital Spikes at a Single Center Over 26 Years and the Significance of Tangential Dipole

Abstract

Background: Pediatric occipital epileptiform discharges occur in various clinical settings, including self-limited and treatment-resistant epilepsies. The study objective is to determine electro-clinical predictors for prognosis in children with occipital epileptiform discharges. Methods: 205 patients with occipital epileptiform discharges were classified into seizure groups: self-limited occipital (SLO) (n = 57), including Panayiotopoulos and Gastaut syndrome; non-self-limited occipital (non-SLO) (n = 98), including various seizure etiologies; genetic-generalized (n = 18); febrile (n = 5); and no-seizure (n = 27) groups. Electro-clinical features of the SLO and non-SLO were compared, as this is of most clinical relevance. Results: The median age of seizure onset was 3 years (range: 0-19). Occipital epileptiform discharges with frontal/central positivity were present in both groups, but more common in the SLO than non-SLO groups; 21/57 (36.8%) and 19/98 (19.4%), respectively ( P < .022). However, when occipital epileptiform discharges with tangential dipoles ( P < .048) were accompanied by abnormal ictal eye movements ( P < .037), they were predictive of SLO epilepsy. Conclusions: In our cohort, occipital epileptiform discharges with tangential dipole detected by visual analysis and abnormal ictal eye movements were predictive of SLO epilepsy.