Patterns of Brain Injury in Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke and the Development of Infantile Spasms

Abstract

Introduction: Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) underlies approximately 10% of infantile spasms (IS). We aim to identify patterns of brain injury in ischemic stroke that may predispose infants to infantile spasms. Methods: Sixty-four perinatal arterial ischemic stroke patients were identified meeting the following inclusion criteria: term birth, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing ischemic stroke or encephalomalacia in an arterial distribution, and follow-up records. Patients who developed infantile spasms (PAIS-IS) were analyzed descriptively for ischemic stroke injury patterns and were compared to a seizure-free control group (PAIS-only). Stroke injury was scored using the modified pediatric ASPECTS (modASPECTS). Results: The PAIS-IS (n = 9) group had significantly higher modASPECTS than the PAIS-only (n = 16) group ( P = .002, Mann-Whitney). A greater proportion of PAIS-IS patients had injury to deep cerebral structures (67%) than PAIS-only (25%). Conclusion: Infarct size was significantly associated with infantile spasms development. Results support theories implicating deep cerebral structures in infantile spasms pathogenesis. This may help identify perinatal arterial ischemic stroke patients at risk of infantile spasms, facilitating more timely diagnosis.