Sturge Weber–Like Gyral Calcification Seen in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1

Abstract

A 10-year-old girl presented with poorly controlled epilepsy. On evaluation, she had microcephaly, neuro-cutaneous stigmata of tuberous sclerosis complex, profound mental retardation, and spastic hemiparesis. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a calcified subependymal nodule and extensive left gyral calcification of the temporal, parietal, and occipital regions with unilateral cerebral atrophy, radiologic features usually seen in Sturge Weber syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed absence of tubers, enlarged choroid plexus, or leptomeningeal angiomas, thus excluding type 3 Sturge Weber syndrome. The genotype was a heterozygous mutation in exon 18 of the tuberous sclerosis type 1 gene (c.2293C>T p.Q765X). A comparison of previously reported 7 cases of Sturge Weber syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex was made. This revealed 4 actual double phakomatoses (clinical, radiologic, or genetic phenotypes) and 3 cases with clinical phenotype of tuberous sclerosis and gyral calcifications within tubers simulating the radiologic picture of Sturge Weber syndrome.