Public health literacy in primary users in western Turkey

Abstract

Background: Public health literacy (PHL) is a novel perspective on health literacy (HL). Differing from HL’s individualist approach, PHL is concerned with public health events and promoting health in the whole society. Objectives: To evaluate PHL, a newly developed concept, and related factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, people who visited primary healthcare centers in urban and rural settings were recruited using a questionnaire that includes Public Health Literacy Knowledge Scale (PHLKS) and Adult Health Literacy Scale (AHLS). Out of four Primary Healthcare Centers (PMCs) in western Turkey selected randomly, one PMC was located in a rural setting, while three PMCs were located in an urban setting. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the predictors for PHL. Results: The study group consisted of 1672 people, of which 55.3% were male. The mean age was 40.94 ± 15.22. The median score (min–max) from PHLKS was 13.0 (0–17). Multiple linear regression showed that income level had a negative impact on PHL. Higher education, fondness for reading, hospital admission and HL, however, increased PHL levels. Additionally, living in an urban area and not having auditory problems were positively associated with PHL. Conclusions: Participants had a moderate level of PHL. Improving PHL should be a priority to tackle global and local problems that have an adverse effect on community health. To increase community engagement in public health events, people with low education and HL levels should be targeted in future training programs.