The Impact of Teaching Prognostication at the End of Life: A Pre–Post Interventional Study

Abstract

Background: Providing accurate and valid prognostic information significantly influences end-of-life care. Disclosing a poor prognosis can be among the most difficult of physician responsibilities, thus having appropriate knowledge during training is crucial for appropriate prognostication. Objective: To provide internal medicine (IM) house staff with a pre- and posteducational survey to determine their ability to accurately prognosticate 5 common end-stage diseases. Design: We conducted a pre- and posteducational intervention survey-based study. A preintervention survey was administered to IM postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) and PGY-2-4 house staff. The survey consisted of case scenarios for 5 common end-stage diseases, containing 1 question on comfort level and 2 on prognostication (totaling 10 points). A 30-minute educational intervention was presented immediately after the initial survey. The same survey was readministered 4 weeks thereafter. An identical survey was administered once to palliative care faculty. Results: Forty house staff completed pre- and posteducational surveys. Eight palliative care faculty completed the survey. No difference was found between all house staff pre- and postscores (mean 2.70 [1.45] vs 2.78 [1.59], P = .141). There was no significant difference between PGY-1 and PGY-2-4 pretest scores (mean 2.63 [1.71] vs 2.81 [1.42], P = .72). The PGY-2-4 posttest score was significantly greater than PGY-1 posttest score (3.38 [1.58] vs 2.38 [1.58], P = .05). Total house staff posttest score was significantly lower than gold standard palliative care faculty (mean 4.71 [1.98] vs 2.78 [1.59], P = .006). Conclusions: Our pre–post intervention survey-based study demonstrates no significant increases in all house staff scores. The PGY-2-4 postintervention scores improved significantly. We speculate the optimal time for prognostication education may be after the PGY-1 year when house staff have had sufficient exposure to common conditions.