Are Young Adults Ready to Complete Advance Directives?

Abstract

Introduction: The dual objective of this study is to examine the perspectives of young adults toward advance directives (ADs) and their preferences related to life-sustaining treatment and care options. Methods: Participants include graduate students (n = 30) attending a university in New York State. Data were collected using a structured survey questionnaire and Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (MOLST) form. Bivariate summary statistics were performed to address the study aims. Results: The mean age of study participants was 24 years, 60% were female, 60% white, and 27% Black. Most (87%) participants reported being comfortable discussing death and end-of-life care and preferring to make their own decisions. Under the circumstance of no pulse and/or not breathing, 87% want CPR. With a pulse and respiration, 96% want artificially administered fluids and nutrition, 90% want a trial period of intubation and/or mechanical ventilation, 67% want to be sent to a hospital, 67% want antibiotics, and 53% want no limitations on medical intervention. Conclusion: Our findings extend upon previous research by quantifying young adults’ specific beliefs, experiences, and preferences regarding advance directives and life-sustaining interventions. Young adults in our study preferred maximum medical interventions for life-sustaining treatment and care. Given the troubling trends in unintended injury (eg, car crashes and drug overdose) as the leading cause of death among young adults, they should be given an opportunity to understand the options and treatments available and should be encouraged to complete an AD.