Medications and Breast-Feeding: A Guide for Pharmacists, Pharmacy Technicians, and other Healthcare Professionals Part III

Author:

Nice Frank J1,DeEugenio Deborah2,DiMino Traci A3,Freeny Ingrid C4,Rovnack Marissa B5,Gromelski Joseph S6

Affiliation:

1. FRANK J NICE MS MPA DPA CPHP, Assistant Director, Clinical Neurosciences Program (CNP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD

2. DEBORAH DeEUGENIO PharmD, at time of writing, Pharmacy Student (USP), CNP, NIH; now, Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Clinical Pharmacist, Jefferson Antithrombotics Therapy Service, Jefferson Heart Institute, Philadelphia

3. TRACI A DiMINO PharmD, at time of writing, Pharmacy Student (USP), CNP, NIH; now, Adverse Event Specialist, Global Safety Surveillance & Epidemiology, Wyeth, Collegeville, PA

4. INGRID C FREENY PharmD, at time of writing, Pharmacy Student (USP), CNP, NIH; now, Medical Student, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia

5. MARISSA B ROVNACK PharmD, at time of writing, Pharmacy Student (Wilkes University), CNP, NIH; now, Clinical Staff Pharmacist, Lehigh Valley Hospital and Health Network, Allentown, PA

6. JOSEPH S GROMELSKI PharmD, at time of writing, Pharmacy Student (Wilkes University), CNP, NIH; now, Pharmacist, Walmart, Baltimore, MD; Law Student, University of Maryland, Baltimore

Abstract

Objective: To provide a guide for practicing pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and other healthcare professionals so that they are able to counsel and advise breast-feeding mothers and fellow healthcare professionals on the safety and use of antiinfectives, vaccines, antiepileptics, benzodiazepines, psychotherapeutic drugs, and radiopharmaceuticals during breast-feeding. Data Sources: Primary texts used by the breast-feeding community ( Medications and Mothers' Milk, Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation, Drugs and Human Lactation) were searched, as well as Micromedex, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and EMBASE2 (1984–February 2004). Study Selection/Data Extraction: Multiple sources were used wherever available to validate the data, and primary articles were used to verify all tertiary source information. Search terms included breast-feeding, lactation, nursing, and medications, as well as specific drug names. Data Synthesis: Concerns regarding medication use during breast-feeding have caused mothers to either discontinue nursing or not take necessary medications. Complete avoidance of medications or cessation of breast-feeding is often unnecessary. Although there are drugs that can be harmful to nursing infants, breast-milk concentrations of most drugs are insufficient to cause any harm. Conclusions: Having objective and reliable information on medications enables pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, other healthcare providers, and mothers to make educated decisions regarding drug therapy and breast-feeding.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Pharmaceutical Science

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