Different Vascular Responses to a Bare Nitinol Stent in Porcine Femoral and Femoropopliteal Arteries

Abstract

Nitinol stents are widely used for the treatment of peripheral arterial diseases in lower extremity arteries and have shown different clinical outcomes depending on implanted arterial segments. We aimed to compare histopathological responses to nitinol stents in femoral artery (FA) with those in femoropopliteal artery (FPA), which is markedly bended during knee flexion. A single nitinol stent was implanted in FA and FPA of 21 domestic swine. The stented vessels were angiographically assessed and then harvested for histopathology at 1 and 3 months after implantation. Angiographic late lumen loss was significantly greater in FPA than in FA at 3 months. Neointimal area decreased in FA and increased in FPA from 1 to 3 months. Compared with FA, peri-strut area of FPA showed more pronounced hemorrhage and fibrin deposition at 1 month and angiogenesis and inflammation at 1 and 3 months. Injury to internal elastic lamina or media was minimal in both FA and FPA at both time points. In conclusion, vascular responses to nitinol stents were different between FA and FPA with respect to time course of neointimal formation and progress of healing, suggesting that repetitive interaction between stent and vessel wall during dynamic vessel motion affected vascular responses.