Sex Differences in the Performance of School Children

Abstract

Marked and consistent differences in academic performance between boys and girls were found in a longitudinal study of young school-age children. Performance, measured by objective tests administered by a psychologist, was higher in girls in all grades (Grade I to Grade V). However, tests of intelligence, perceptual maturity and conceptual ability showed no sex-linked differences — the only tests favouring the girls were those of motor ability. To explain the better academic performance of female children, personality attributes were considered (C.P.I.). Statistically significant differences were found in three personality dimensions: girls were found to be obedient and dependent, sober-minded and quiet, practical and realistic. In contrast the boys were found to be assertive and independent, excitable and happy-go-lucky, sensitive and free thinking. The significance of these findings is discussed in terms of academic achievement and also in terms of culturally-determined sex-typing of young children.