1. Reformatory and industrial schools before 1933
2. S. Humphries, Hooligans or Rebels? An Oral History of Working-Class Childhood and Youth 1889-1939 (Oxford, 1981), 209-39.
3. Hurt, "Reformatory and Industrial Schools," 45-58.
4. Humphries, Hooligans or Rebels, 211.
5. M. Cale, ```Saved from a Life of Vice and Crime': Reformatory and Industrial Schools for Girls c. 1854-1900." Unpublished D.Phil. thesis, Oxford University, 1993), 17.