Affiliation:
1. Department of Plastic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
2. Department Trauma and Orthopaedics, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
3. National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
4. Diabetes Centre-Diabetic Foot Clinic, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Abstract
Feet suffer significant stress throughout a lifetime and undergo ageing-associated problems due to gradual tissue degeneration affecting the skin, connective tissue, and nerves. Oxygen supply to the tissues may be diminished. The skin gets dry and calluses, ulcers and fungal infections of the skin and nails are not uncommon. Ligaments and tendons degenerate and, without proper prevention, deformities including claw toes, hammer toes, tendonitis, and bursitis may occur. Skeletal toe deformities such as bunions, bony spurs, and hallux valgus may increase discomfort, while stress fractures may have an adverse impact on the patients’ quality of life. The ageing foot pathology may add up to common age-related problems, such as crystal deposition arthropathies, diabetes mellitus, peripheral circulatory disorders, and peripheral edema, increasing morbidity. This review summarizes ageing-related feet problems, focusing on prevention and treatment. Foot health has a paramount role in overall wellbeing, therefore prevention, proper foot care, and prompt diagnosis and management of ageing-related changes are vital for maintaining a healthy, active status.