The Impact of Implementing a Diabetic Limb-Preservation Program on Amputation Outcomes at an Academic Institution in a Majority-Minority State

Abstract

Background. Diabetic foot osteomyelitis may precede major limb amputations and lengthy hospital admission. These complications impact patients’ morbidity and mortality. Healthcare institutions with dedicated limb-preservation teams realize reduced amputation rates and improved quality of care. This study evaluates the outcomes following the implementation of a rigorous diabetic limb-preservation program at an academic institution. Methods. Patients with diabetes admitted for osteomyelitis occurring below the knee were identified by ICD-10 codes and included for retrospective review. The number and type of amputations, bone biopsies, revascularizations, and hospital length of stay (LOS) were evaluated. Outcomes were compared using the high-low (Hi-Lo) amputation ratio for the 24 months preceding and the 24 months after the integration of a diabetic limb-preservation service. Results. The authors identified and included 337 patients admitted for diabetic foot osteomyelitis. In the 24-month period prior to program implementation, 140 patients were evaluated. In the 24-month period after program implementation, 197 patients were evaluated. The overall amputation rate decreased from 67.1% (n = 94) to 59.9% (n = 118) ( P = .214). Major limb amputation rates significantly decreased from 32.9% (n = 46) to 12.7% (n = 25) ( P = .001). Minor amputation rates significantly increased from 34.2% (n = 48) to 47.2% (n = 93) ( P = .024). The Hi-Lo amputation ratio decreased from 0.96 to 0.27 ( P < .001). The rate of obtaining bone biopsies increased from 32.1% (n = 45) to 72.1% ( P < .001). The rate of revascularization increased from 10.7% (n = 15) to 15.2% (n = 30) ( P = .299). Average hospital LOS decreased significantly from 11.6 days to 9.8 days ( P = .044). Conclusion. After the implementation of a limb-preservation team, there was a precipitous drop in major limb amputations in favor of minor amputations. The average hospital LOS decreased. These findings demonstrated improved clinical care and outcomes in patients with lower extremity osteomyelitis and reinforce the importance of a diabetic foot-preservation service within healthcare institutions.