Epidemiology of Diabetes Foot Amputation and its Risk Factors in the Middle East Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

This study aimed to review epidemiology of diabetic foot (DF) amputation and provide a pooled estimation of DF amputation rate in the region. A comprehensive search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE databases using appropriate search term. Obtained records were entered endnote software and after removing duplicats were screened by title, abstract and full text. Data was extracted from the remained documents. Random effect meta-analysis was used to pool the estimated prevalence rate due to sever heterogeneity between studies. Finally 17 articles in diabetes, 20 in patients with DFU (diabetic foot ulcer) and two in both remained after screening and included in meta-analysis. Overall pooled amputation rate in diabetes was 2% (95% CI: 1%-3%) which was not significantly different between countries. The pooled prevalence of amputation rate in DFU patients was 33% (24%-43%) and the pooled prevalence in Saudi Arabia was significantly higher than in other countries. The estimated rate of foot amputation in diabetes patients and those with DFUs in the Middle East region is approximately high, which may indicate low quality of preventive foot care, low socioeconomics and low patients awareness or education in countries with high amputation rate.