Protecting occupant in autonomous vehicle accident with rotating seat and belt airbag

Abstract

In autonomous vehicle, since that occupants no long need to operate the vehicle, they will have time to relax and entertain or communicate with other people. In order to improve the collision safety of the occupants who move freely and have different seat orientation angles in autonomous vehicle, a protection strategy based on the cooperative control of the rotating seat and belt airbag to avoid occupant injuries is proposed: in the pre-crash phase, the occupant on a rotated seat is repositioned into a close-to-standard frontal facing position, while the belt airbag deploys; in the crash phase, the fully deployed belt airbag cushions and absorbs occupant impact with the support of the occupant’s legs to reduce injury. Firstly, the current prediction time for unavoidable collisions in self-driving cars is about 350 ms, therefore, the airbag can be inflated by enlarging the inflation duration to reduce its impact during deployment. Due to the fixed installation position of the dashboard airbag, which cannot accompany the deficiency of seat movement, a new type of belt airbag is designed; Then, the simulation models of ±45° and ±90° seat orientation were established to study the injury mechanism and kinematic response of occupants with different seat orientations in frontal crashes; Finally, the simulation models of active rotating seat with belt airbag were established to study the kinematic response and injury risk of occupants with rotating seat and belt airbag protection strategy. The belt airbag with a capacity of 65 L developed in this paper could effectively protect occupants in a frontal collision at an inflation time of 200 ms and a total inflation mass of 31.4 g; The occupant safety strategy based on rotating seat and belt airbag can effectively reduce the risk of collision injury of occupants with different seat orientations in autonomous vehicle.