The prevalence of chronic diseases in international immigrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author:

Nisar Mehwish1ORCID,Uddin Riaz2,Kolbe-Alexander Tracy3ORCID,Khan Asaduzzaman1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

2. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia

3. School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia

Abstract

Aims: The purpose of this study is systematically to review and synthesise available prevalence data of major chronic diseases in international immigrants. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched to retrieve peer-reviewed original articles published in English between January 2000 and December 2020. Cross-sectional, cohort, or longitudinal studies that reported the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, any type of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and type 2 diabetes among immigrant adults were included. We calculated pooled prevalence using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Of 13,363 articles retrieved, 24 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of diabetes was 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.6–10.4) with a higher prevalence in North American countries 11.1% (95% CI 8.0–14.1) than in the other destination countries: 6.6% (95% CI 5.1–8.1) including Italy, Sweden, The Netherlands, Australia, and Israel. The pooled prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases was 7.7% (95% CI 5.7–9.6) and 6.5% (95% CI 2.3–10.7), respectively. Only two articles reported the prevalence of cancers (2.7% and 3.8%). We found high heterogeneity among all studies regardless of the disease. Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes was higher than other chronic diseases in international immigrants. There is a strong need to enhance health information systems to understand the magnitude of chronic diseases among different immigrant subgroups.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,General Medicine

Reference65 articles.

1. The future of migration, human populations, and global health in the Anthropocene

2. World Health Organization. Preventing chronic diseases a vital investment. 2019. https://www.who.int/ (accessed 4 August 2022).

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