Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Iron Sucrose for Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Children and Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Background. Anemia is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Oral iron is widely used but efficacy can be reduced by poor compliance and insufficient absorption. Intravenous iron is safe and effective in adults but is not well studied in children. Purpose. To assess safety and efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose (IVIS) in children with IBD. Methods. We reviewed medical records of IBD patients <22 years of age who received IVIS at our institution between 2009 and 2014. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hgb) level below normal for age and gender and iron-deficiency anemia as serum iron studies and red cell mean corpuscular volume below normal ranges. Each IVIS infusion was evaluated for safety. Efficacy was defined as ≥2 g/dL increase in Hgb ≤12 weeks from IVIS initiation. Results. We identified 88 patients (Crohn’s disease, n = 52; ulcerative colitis, n = 33; IBD-unclassified, n = 3) who underwent 329 IVIS infusions over 121 courses. No patient developed anaphylaxis. Six patients developed minor adverse reactions. Of the 121 IVIS courses, 80 were included in the efficacy evaluation. There was a significant rise in Hgb (mean 9.1 ±1.4 to 11.9 ± 1.8 g/dL; P < .0001, paired t test). Overall, 58.7% (47/80 courses) resulted in goal Hgb increase. Conclusions. IVIS is safe and effective in treating iron-deficiency anemia in pediatric IBD. There were only minor adverse events, and the observed rise in Hgb was clinically significant, with the majority achieving goal Hgb.