Appropriate Benefits for Outdoor Programs Targeting Juvenile Male Offenders

Abstract

This article identifies the appropriate benefits upon which outdoor programs serving juvenile male offenders should be based. Recommendations are based on a multi-disciplinary review of more than 50 articles, texts and related literature published in the fields of social work, criminal justice, psychology and outdoor recreation. Drawing from research and theories that address why youth engage in delinquent behavior, as well as theories regarding the developmental needs of adolescent males, suggestions are presented regarding appropriate and realistic outcomes on which to base the design of outdoor programs. Additionally, a review of research concerning youth development and delinquency intervention is used as a basis for advocating specific intangible components that outdoor programs should include.