1. Colson, "Phases of Du Bois ," 10 (emphasis in the original).
2. The best-known versions of this claim appear in The Souls of Black Folk. W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk , ed. David W. Blight and Robert Gooding-Williams (1903; repr. Boston: Bedford, 1997), 34, 45, 61. Future references will be cited parenthetically as "Souls" in the body of the text.
3. Concepts of Culture in Afro-American Political Thought, 1890-1920