Evaluating the outcome of a bundle with 11 components and the INICC multidimensional approach in decreasing rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections across nine Asian countries

Abstract

Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in intensive care units (ICUs) across Latin America exceed those in high-income countries significantly. Methods: We implemented the INICC multidimensional approach, incorporating an 11-component bundle, in 122 ICUs spanning nine Asian countries. We computed the CLABSI rate using the CDC/NSHN definition and criteria. The CLABSI rate per 1000 CL-days was calculated at baseline and throughout different phases of the intervention, including the 2nd month, 3rd month, 4–16 month, and 17–29 month periods. A two-sample t-test was employed to compare baseline CLABSI rates with intervention rates. Additionally, we utilized a generalized linear mixed model with a Poisson distribution to analyze the association between exposure and outcome. Results: A total of 124,946 patients were hospitalized over 717,270 patient-days, with 238,595 central line (CL)-days recorded. The rates of CLABSI per 1000 CL-days significantly decreased from 16.64 during the baseline period to 6.51 in the 2nd month (RR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.36–0.42; p < 0.001), 3.71 in the 3rd month (RR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.21–0.25; p < 0.001), 2.80 in the 4–16 month (RR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.15–0.19; p < 0.001), and 2.18 in the 17–29 month (RR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.11–0.15; p < 0.001) intervals. A multilevel Poisson regression model demonstrated a sustained, continuous, and statistically significant decrease in ratios of incidence rates, reaching 0.35 ( p < 0.0001) during the 17–29 month period. Moreover, the all-cause in-ICU mortality rate significantly decreased from 13.23% to 10.96% ( p = 0.0001) during the 17–29 month period. Conclusions: Our intervention led to an 87% reduction in CLABSI rates, with a 29-month follow-up.