Placement of Tunnelled Hemodialysis Catheters across Stenotic and Occluded Central Veins

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of placement of tunneled hemodialysis catheters in patients with occluded or stenotic central veins. Materials and Methods Data were prospectively collected for 26 patients (11 male, 15 female, mean age 52 years) referred for placement of tunneled hemodialysis catheters with central venous stenoses or occlusions. The central venous occlusions or stenoses were recanalized using traditional interventional catheter and guidewire techniques. Results Thirty central venous access procedures were performed of which 28 (93%) procedures resulted in successful tunneled catheter insertion. Twenty-one internal jugular venous (13 right, 8 left) and 7 subclavian venous (3 right, 4 left) catheters were placed. Eighteen stenotic and 10 occluded venous segments were crossed including the brachiocephalic vein (n = 22), subclavian vein (n = 2), and the superior vena cava (4). One patient required insertion of a metallic stent to facilitate passage of the hemodialysis catheter across an occluded brachiocephalic vein. No procedure-related complications occurred. No episodes of upper extremity swelling or superior vena cava syndrome occurred following catheter insertion. Conclusion Insertion of tunneled hemodialysis catheter across occluded or stenotic central veins is technically feasible and safe. The use of occluded or stenotic central veins for catheter access preserves patent central veins for future shunt access.