ADHD and Psychological Need Fulfillment in College Students

Author:

Serrano Judah W.1,Abu-Ramadan Tamara M.1,Vasko John M.1,Leopold Daniel R.2,Canu Will H.3ORCID,Willcutt Erik G.2,Hartung Cynthia M.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA

2. University of Colorado Boulder, USA

3. Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA

Abstract

Objective: Self-determination theory suggests that the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, relatedness—are uniquely associated with overall well-being. Undergraduates with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience more academic-related impairment and are less likely to graduate. Thus, well-being is important to understand and aim to improve in these students. Method: Students at four universities ( N = 2,197) completed a survey and reported previous diagnoses, ADHD symptoms, and psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Group differences were explored via t-tests; associations were explored via structural equation modeling. Results: The ADHD group reported lower satisfaction and higher frustration across all psychological needs. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were uniquely associated with aspects of need fulfillment beyond the impact of comorbid symptoms. Sex differences emerged such that women with ADHD had the lowest overall need satisfaction. Conclusions: Addressing need fulfillment, both satisfaction and frustration, in interventions with undergraduates with clinical/subclinical levels of ADHD may optimize treatment effectiveness.

Funder

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

National Institute of Mental Health

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Clinical Psychology,Developmental and Educational Psychology

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