Nonconscious Learning From Crowded Sequences

Author:

Atas Anne1,Faivre Nathan23,Timmermans Bert4,Cleeremans Axel1,Kouider Sid2

Affiliation:

1. Consciousness, Cognition, and Computation Group, Centre de Recherche Cognition et Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles

2. Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, and École Normale Supérieure

3. Biology Division, Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology

4. School of Psychology, King’s College, University of Aberdeen

Abstract

Can people learn complex information without conscious awareness? Implicit learning—learning without awareness of what has been learned—has been the focus of intense investigation over the last 50 years. However, it remains controversial whether complex knowledge can be learned implicitly. In the research reported here, we addressed this challenge by asking participants to differentiate between sequences of symbols they could not perceive consciously. Using an operant-conditioning task, we showed that participants learned to associate distinct sequences of crowded (nondiscriminable) symbols with their respective monetary outcomes (reward or punishment). Overall, our study demonstrates that sensitivity to sequential regularities can arise through the nonconscious temporal integration of perceptual information.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Psychology

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