Perceived and Internalized Stigma Towards Suicide and Their Roles in Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Chinese College Students

Abstract

Although perceived and internalized suicide stigma are considered risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), their specific roles in STBs are not well understood. This study examined the relationships among perceived and internalized suicide stigma, hopelessness, unbearable pain, suicidal desire, and suicide attempts in college students. A total of 1,387 Chinese college students (mean age: 22.22 years) completed the relevant scales. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the relationships of interest. The results showed that perceived stigma primarily had indirect impacts on suicidal desire through internalized stigma, which subsequently affected unbearable pain and hopelessness. The findings of this study suggest that the internalization of suicide stigma is an important predictor of STBs. These findings advocate for stigma interventions aimed at reducing internalized stigma as a potentially effective strategy for suicide prevention, as it may alleviate unbearable pain and hopelessness, which are significant contributors to suicidal desire and attempts.