The importance of environment: Neighborhood characteristics and parent perceptions of child health

Abstract

Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use acknowledges the importance of community and environment in how individuals utilize health-care services. This article questions whether and how environment influences perceptions of health, specifically parents’ perceptions of their children’s health. Based on data from the 2011–2012 US National Survey of Children’s Health, this study investigates how parents’ views of their neighborhoods (such as safety, social support, amenities, and detracting elements) shape perceptions of their child’s health. Furthermore, the analysis considers how these relationships are similar or different for minority populations. Using ordinal logistic regression, this study demonstrates that neighborhood characteristics influence parents’ perceptions of their children’s health. Parents who report their neighborhoods as safe, supportive, and having desirable amenities perceive their children to be healthier. Parents living in neighborhoods possessing detracting elements report their children’s health as worse. These findings are largely consistent for minority and nonminority neighborhoods. The findings of this study convey the importance of environments to how parents view the health of their children. Improving safety and strengthening social supports within neighborhoods could help to address health concerns. As well, health-care organizations and public health offices should launch initiatives in disadvantaged neighborhoods to address health concerns and disparities.