Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Physical and/or Sexual Abuse Among Female Middle School Students: A Cross- Sectional Study in Kinshasa, DRC

Abstract

This cross-sectional study sought to broaden the limited evidence on violence against young adolescent girls in non-conflict zones within the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of and the predictors of physical and/or sexual abuse among girls aged 11–18 years in Kinshasa. A total of 3,100 girls from five randomly selected schools were recruited by our team and given the questionnaires; among them, 3,011 (97.1%) participants completed the questionnaires and were included in the study for further analysis. After collecting all valid responses, the overall prevalence of physical and/or sexual abuse was sorted into the following categories: experienced physical abuse without a weapon (recorded by 70.1% of respondents), experienced physical abuse with a weapon (66.3% of respondents), attempted rape without penetration (76.5% of respondents), experienced attempted rape with penetration (73.9% of respondents), and experienced verbal sexual harassment (93.0%). Our logistic regression analysis indicated that specific kinds of living arrangements (such as only living with the father, mother, or a caregiver; odds ratio ranged 1.8 to 6.9) and places of residence (such as living in lower-class or middle-class districts; odds ratio ranged 1.7 to 6.2) had the strongest associations with higher risk pertaining to whether the respondent had experienced physical and/or sexual abuse in the past. Meanwhile, factors such as the students’ level of education (both middle grade and upper grade) and occupation of the father (specifically whether holding a part-time job or retired) were deemed to be more protective. However, physical and/or sexual abuse prevalence was found to be high among middle school girls in Kinshasa. Therefore, we recommend that drastic policies and strategies aimed at socioeconomic issue and living condition ameliorations among families should be implemented to curtail physical and sexual abuse in the nonconflict zones of the DRC.