Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Community Violence Exposure in Russian Adolescents

Author:

Stickley Andrew12ORCID,Koposov Roman3,Koyanagi Ai45,Oh Hans6,Ruchkin Vladislav78

Affiliation:

1. National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan

2. Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden

3. University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, Norway

4. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain

5. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain

6. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA

7. Uppsala University, Sweden

8. Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA

Abstract

A large body of research has shown that exposure to community violence is common for many children across the world. However, less is known about exposure in particular subgroups such as those children with developmental disorders. To address this research gap, the aim of this study was to examine community violence exposure (CVE) in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and the role of gender in this association. Data were analyzed from 2,782 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from Arkhangelsk, Russia that were collected during the Social and Health Assessment (SAHA). ADHD status was assessed with the hyperactivity/inattention scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Information was obtained on past-year witnessing and violence victimization in the community. Results showed that CVE was more prevalent in children with ADHD symptoms. Specifically, 75.1% of children with ADHD symptoms had been exposed to any violence versus 62.3% in the non-ADHD group (χ2 = 18.65, p < .001). Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) revealed that CVE was significantly higher for adolescents with ADHD symptoms for both witnessing and victimization, while exposure was significantly higher for ADHD boys compared with girls. The findings of this study suggest that CVE may be elevated in adolescents with higher ADHD symptoms. Given that CVE has been associated with a variety of negative social and psychological outcomes in typically developing children, an important task for future research is to determine what factors are associated with CVE in adolescents with ADHD symptoms including those relating to such phenomena as comorbid psychopathology, the family, and peer relations, so that interventions can be designed and implemented to reduce CVE and its detrimental effects in this population.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Applied Psychology,Clinical Psychology

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