Sarah Waller’s Help-Seeking Model: Understanding African American Women Intimate Partner Violence Survivors’ Help-seeking Process

Author:

Waller Bernadine1ORCID,Goddard-Eckrich Dawn2,Kagotho Njeri3,Hankerson Sidney H.4,Hawks Alice5,Wainberg Milton L.1

Affiliation:

1. Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA

2. Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA

3. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

4. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

5. NYC Family Justice Center, Brooklyn, New York City Mayor’s Office to End Domestic and Gender-Based Violence, Brooklyn, NY, USA

Abstract

African American women overwhelmingly experience the poorest outcomes resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. Despite theoretical advancements, there remain a paucity of theories that explicate this marginalized population’s comprehensive help-seeking process that includes the domestic violence service provision system and the Black church. We conducted 30 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with women who self-identified as African American. We utilized sensitizing concepts from the Transtheoretical Model of Change and Intersectionality theories, along with Agency framework and employed constructivist grounded theory methodology. Sarah’s Help-Seeking Model emerged from the data and includes nine phases: (1) Awareness, (2) Acknowledgment, (3) Assessment, (4) Enough, (5) Enlist, (6) Escalate, (7) Reject, (8) Resolve, and (9) Restoration. This is the first theory that identifies how this vulnerable and underserved population’s mental health and social support-seeking process is partially mediated by mistrust of law enforcement, disappointment in linkage to care and services, fear of death, and willingness to survive.

Funder

National Institute of Mental Health

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Applied Psychology,Clinical Psychology

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