Factors associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from Puerto Rico

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from Puerto Rico. A total of 204 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (per the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria) were evaluated. Metabolic syndrome was assessed using the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute classification. Socioeconomic–demographic parameters, health-related behaviours, clinical manifestations, autoantibodies, pharmacological treatments, disease activity (per the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure—Revised), and damage accrual (per the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index) were determined at study visit. Factors associated with metabolic syndrome were examined by univariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression models. A total of 196 (96.2%) were women. The mean age at study visit was 43.6 ± 13.0 years, and the mean disease duration was 8.7 ± 7.7 years. Seventy-eight patients (38.2%) had metabolic syndrome. In the multivariable analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.09), government health insurance (OR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.07–4.22), exercise (OR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.14–0.92), thrombocytopenia (OR = 4.19; 95% CI 1.54–11.37), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.03–2.63), disease activity (OR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.00–1.30), and prednisone >10 mg/day (OR = 3.69; 95% CI 1.22–11.11) were associated with metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, older age, low socioeconomic status, lack of exercise, thrombocytopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate , higher disease activity, and prednisone >10 mg/day were independently associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from Puerto Rico.