Primigravida is associated with flare in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with flare during pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We performed a retrospective analysis of pregnant women with SLE in a referral hospital. Flare was considered according to predetermined definitions. We analyzed 15 clinical, biochemical and immunological variables with a potential predictive value for relapse during pregnancy. We included 124 lupus pregnancies in 120 women. The relapse rate during pregnancy was 37.9% (47 episodes). The most common manifestations of flare were renal, joint, cutaneous and hematological. Patients with flare during pregnancy developed a higher frequency of preeclampsia and preterm delivery. In multivariate analysis, primigravida was a risk factor associated with any type of flare during pregnancy (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.99–5.52, p = 0.05); on the other hand, primigravida (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.19–11.3, p = 0.02), activity prior to pregnancy (OR 3.7, 95% CI 0.97–14.1, p = 0.05), and previous renal disease (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.95–17.6, p = 0.001) were the principal risk factors associated with renal flare. The first pregnancy in women with SLE is associated with any type of flare. Disease activity is associated with preeclampsia and preterm delivery. Close monitoring is mandatory to identify relapses and timely treatment.