Higher body mass index and disease duration are associated with increased risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Background Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Insulin resistance (IR), which is higher in patients with SLE, adversely impacts left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function. The aims were to determine LV dysfunction and evaluate the influence of potential risk factors on subclinical LV dysfunction in women with SLE, including IR. Methods This cross-sectional study included adult women with SLE without diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension or severe obesity. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) was verified according to current guidelines. Insulin resistance was estimated using the Quantose score. Results We included 77 women. The frequency of IR was 65%. All participants had a normal ejection fraction (EF), and 11 (15.7%) had abnormal LV global longitudinal strain (GLS). Twenty-three (32.8%) had DD. The GLS% and global circumferential strain (GCS)% did not differ in patients with and without IR (−20.8 ± 3.1 vs −20.5 ± 2.1; p = 0.61 and −27.9 ± 4.4 vs −27.4 ± 3.7; p = 0.57, respectively). The prevalence of DD was 38.1% in patients with IR versus 25% in those without ( p = 0.30). E/e’ and E/A ratios did not differ between groups (6.6 ± 1.9 vs 6.6 ± 1.5; p = 0.98 and 1.3 ± 0.3 vs 1.3 ± 0.2; p = 0.27). Higher BMI (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.5) and disease duration (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.4) were associated with DD. Conclusions Patients with overweight/obesity may be at higher risk of LV dysfunction. Although IR was high in our patients with SLE was not associated with systolic dysfunction or DD. Body mass index and disease duration were associated with an increased risk of DD.