Analysis of heat transportation in a convectively heated time-dependent CuAl2O3-H2O hybrid nanofluid with varying thermal conductivity

Abstract

This study presents a numerical investigation of the hybrid nanofluid [Formula: see text] and heat transportation over a convectively unsteady heated stretching sheet. Thermal conductivity is considered temperature dependent function. The set of non-dimensional differential equations is converted into nonlinear single independent variable equations by adopting the suitable transformations. The numeric results for the present set of transformed equations are executed through the RKF (Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg) process that is based on the shooting approach. The impact of several affecting parameters on temperature, local Nusselt number [Formula: see text] skin-friction factor [Formula: see text] and velocity are illustrated through graphs. A comparison has been done with the previously published material and decent agreement is achieved. The boundary-layer thickness and temperature profile are improved for both nanoparticles [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] added to the base fluid. However, the velocity profile illustrates an opposite attitude. The positive values of Biot number closer to the surface are obtained by increasing heat transportation rate.