Measuring Hispanic Optimism and Personal Expectancy

Author:

Cervantes Richard C.1ORCID,Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa M.2,McCabe Brian E.3ORCID,Nagy Gabriela A.4

Affiliation:

1. Behavioral Assessment Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA

2. Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, USA

3. Auburn University, AL, USA

4. Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop the Hispanic Optimism and Personal Expectancy (HOPE), a measure of optimism related to the concept of the American Dream. This measure assesses beliefs that are shared by Hispanic/Latinx immigrants and non-immigrants about opportunities for advancement in the United States. Based on focus groups consisting of both immigrant and non-immigrant Hispanic/Latinx participants ( n = 93), twenty four (24) items for the measure were created from qualitative interviews. Separate exploratory ( n = 174) and confirmatory ( n = 181) factor analysis supported three factors: Hope for a better life, for freedom & security, and for economic opportunity. Results provided empirical support for the HOPE. A final set of sixteen (16) items are included in the HOPE measure. This measure can benefit researchers or counselors who work with Hispanic/Latinx immigrants to understand individual expectancies and barriers toward achieving their American Dream. We discuss implications for research and potential conceptions of U.S. meritocracy as a potential myth for minority and immigrant groups.

Funder

national institute on minority health and health disparities

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Linguistics and Language,Anthropology,Cultural Studies,Social Psychology

Reference66 articles.

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