1. An earlier version of this article appeared as a five-part series, ‘Impunity Entrenched’ on IRR News, 17 January 2022, available here: https://irr.org.uk/article/impunity-entrenched/. For a roundup of the raft of laws, Home Office measures and government proposals introduced in the UK in 2020, see Frances Webber, ‘Britain’s authoritarian turn’, Race & Class 64, no. 2 (2021).
2. https://ukconstitutionallaw.org/2021/03/09/daniella-lock-the-shamima-begum-case-difficulties-with-democratic-accountability-as-a-justification-for-judicial-deference-in-the-national-security-context/.
3. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-58514848; https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jul/27/manchester-police-chief-rejects-claim-of-institutional-racism.
4. https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/nov/18/stop-and-search-rose-by-24-in-england-and-wales-during-lockdowns.
5. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/nov/15/black-boy-in-stop-and-search-30-times-accuses-met-police-of-racist-profiling. This disproportion is also seen in the prolonged use of tasers: according to an analysis of 101 cases over five years by the Independent Office for Police Conduct, while black people were no more likely to be tasered than white, those tasered were far more likely to be subjected to a prolonged discharge, see https://www.policeconduct.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Documents/research-learning/IOPC_Taser_review_2021.pdf; https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/aug/25/black-people-more-likely-to-be-tasered-for-longer-police-watchdog-finds.