Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy for Achalasia in 101 Patients: Can Successful Symptomatic Outcomes Be Predicted?

Abstract

We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic esophageal myotomy for achalasia and identify the factors that might predict postoperative dysphagia or symptomatic reflux. A retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing laparoscopic Heller myotomy from January 1997 to June 2004 was performed. Postoperative frequency and severity of reflux, dysphagia, chest pain, and regurgitation were evaluated using a standardized telephone interview. Forty-eight males and 53 females, with an average age of 45 years, underwent laparoscopic Heller myotomy during the study period. Prior to presentation, 65% of patients had undergone pneumatic dilatation (52%) and/or Botox injection (28%). The mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 44 mmHg. A Toupet fundoplication was performed in 89 patients, and 12 patients had no fundoplication. There were no intraoperative complications and 10 minor postoperative complications. During an average follow-up of 34 months (range 2-90), 15% of patients had a weekly dysphagia, and 16% had subjective reflux. Only an older age predicted higher incidence of postoperative dysphagia. No factors were identified to predict postoperative symptomatic reflux. Eighty-one percent of patients rated their outcome as excellent, 14% good, 4% fair, and 1% poor. Ninety-nine percent of patients would choose surgery over other treatment options again. Laparoscopic anterior esophageal myotomy is a safe and effective treatment for achalasia. Improvement in dysphagia can be expected in more than 95% of patients. Younger patients tended to have better improvement of dysphagia. Predicting the patients at higher risk for postoperative reflux remains elusive at this time.