Longitudinal Analysis of Knee Articular Cartilage Degeneration After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparison of T1rho and T2 Mapping

Abstract

Objective To assess articular cartilage degeneration in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed knees as detected by MR T1rho and T2 mapping relative to controls and longitudinally at 3 months and 1 year after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Design Twenty-five patients with acute ACL injury were enrolled (13 women and 12 men; mean age 30.8), and 14 healthy controls were selected by sex and age matching. The affected knees of the ACLR participants were imaged using a 3.0T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner 3 months and 1 year after ACLR. Cartilage T1rho and T2 values were quantified for subcompartments in the full-thickness, superficial, and deep layers and were compared with the matched subcompartments of control knees. The influence of concomitant meniscal tears identified using proton density-weighted imaging (PDWI) was also investigated. Results In the posterior lateral tibia, T1rho and T2 values were significantly higher in ACLR participants at 3 months and slightly decreased at 1-year compared to the control group. T1rho values in the medial compartment exhibited a significant increase at 1-year compared with those of control knees, while T2 showed no significance. In cartilage with medial meniscal tears, the T1rho values in multiple medial subcompartments were significantly higher than those in cartilage without medial meniscal tears, and this alteration was relatively detectable by T1rho. Conclusions T1rho and T2 mapping is effective in evaluating cartilage degeneration following ACLR. T1rho may exhibit greater sensitivity for assessing the progression of early degeneration in the medial compartment after ACLR.