What Patients Expect About Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) for Treatment of Cartilage Defects at the Knee Joint

Abstract

Objective: Although autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has become an established surgical treatment for cartilage defects of the knee, little is known about what patients expect about this surgery. Design: A total of 150 patients who underwent ACI for cartilage defects at the knee were assigned to the present study and asked about their expectations and estimation concerning the ACI procedure. Patients were asked to answer 4 questions of a web-based questionnaire concerning their expectations on clinical outcome and on factors they considered relevant for clinical outcome. Results: A total of 118 (79%) returned questionnaires. Mean patient age was 32.6 years and mean defects size was 4.1 cm2. A proportion of 70% ( n = 83) of patients expected pain-free sports participation as a result of the ACI surgery, including 24 patients who expected to return to high-impact sports without any restrictions. Only 12.7% expected a reduction but persistence of pain during everyday activities. Concerning factors that influence outcome, the majority of the patients (55.1%) considered defect characteristics (i.e., size and location) most important for clinical outcome, whereas only a small proportion of patients considered rehabilitation (7.6%), cell quality (10.2%), or prior surgeries (4.2%) more relevant for final outcome. Conclusion: The present study illustrates that expectations of ACI patients are demanding and quite high. The ACI technique seems generally considered to be able to restore pain-free sports participation. Patients do not seem to be aware of all factors of possible importance concerning clinical outcome.