Acellular Aragonite-Based Scaffold for the Treatment of Joint Surface Lesions of the Knee: A Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Abstract

Objective A novel aragonite-based scaffold has been developed. In this study, mid-term clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results on 12 patients affected by isolated chondral or osteochondral lesions of the knee treated by the scaffold implantation have been evaluated at a mean follow-up of 6.5 (range: 5-8) years. Design The study population consisted of 3 females and 9 males, mean age 34.4 (20-51) years. The lesion was located on the medial femoral condyle, the trochlea, and the lateral femoral condyle in 5, 5, and 2 patients, respectively. In all cases, a single lesion over grade 3 of the International Cartilage Restoration and Joint Preservation Society (ICRS) classification was treated: in 9 cases by implantation of one plug, and in 2 cases with 2 plugs; the mean size of the lesion was 2.5 cm2 (1-7). Results One patient failed and was revised with a custom-made metal implant (Episealer). Overall, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) significantly improved from 45 ± 13 preoperatively to 86 ± 13 at final follow-up. All KOOS subscales improved significantly: pain subscale increased from 48 ± 12 to 92 ± 11; symptoms from 66 ± 13 to 91 ± 13; activity of daily living (ADL) from 60 ± 19 to 90 ± 21; sport from 23 ± 20 to 75 ± 20; finally, quality of life (QoL) increased from 27 ± 14 to 77 ± 19. Long-term MRI MOCART score was 64. Conclusions This study shows continued significant clinical improvement and good magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with a minimum 5 years follow-up after implantation of a novel aragonite derived scaffold for the treatment of cartilage lesions of the knee. One patient failed and was revised with a custom-made metal implant (Episealer).