Sensorial frailty: age-related hearing loss and the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life

Author:

Panza Francesco1ORCID,Lozupone Madia2,Sardone Rodolfo3,Battista Petronilla24,Piccininni Marco2,Dibello Vittorio35,La Montagna Maddalena6,Stallone Roberta23,Venezia Pietro7,Liguori Angelo2,Giannelli Gianluigi3,Bellomo Antonello6,Greco Antonio8,Daniele Antonio910,Seripa Davide8,Quaranta Nicola11,Logroscino Giancarlo212

Affiliation:

1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy

2. Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

3. National Institute of Gastroenterology ‘Saverio de Bellis’, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy

4. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Cassano Murge, Bari, Italy

5. Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section of Dentistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

6. Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy

7. Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

8. Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS ‘Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza’, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy

9. Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy

10. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

11. Otolaryngology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

12. Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, ‘Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico’, Tricase, Lecce, Italy

Abstract

The peripheral hearing alterations and central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL), may impact cognitive disorders in older age. In older age, ARHL is also a significant marker for frailty, another age-related multidimensional clinical condition with a nonspecific state of vulnerability, reduced multisystem physiological reserve, and decreased resistance to different stressors (i.e. sensorial impairments, psychosocial stress, diseases, injuries). The multidimensional nature of frailty required an approach based on different pathogeneses because this clinical condition may include sensorial, physical, social, nutritional, cognitive, and psychological phenotypes. In the present narrative review, the cumulative epidemiological evidence coming from several longitudinal population-based studies, suggested convincing links between peripheral ARHL and incident cognitive decline and dementia. Moreover, a few longitudinal case-control and population-based studies also suggested that age-related CAPD in ARHL, may be central in determining an increased risk of incident cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cumulative meta-analytic evidence confirmed cross-sectional and longitudinal association of both peripheral ARHL and age-related CAPD with different domains of cognitive functions, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia, while the association with dementia subtypes such as AD and vascular dementia remained unclear. However, ARHL may represent a modifiable condition and a possible target for secondary prevention of cognitive impairment in older age, social isolation, late-life depression, and frailty. Further research is required to determine whether broader hearing rehabilitative interventions including coordinated counseling and environmental accommodations could delay or halt cognitive and global decline in the oldest old with both ARHL and dementia.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Medicine (miscellaneous)

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